Woodworking cutter knowledge

First, the nature of the material being cut
         Wood cutting objects are solid wood and wood composites. Solid wood can be divided into soft materials, hard materials and modified wood; wooden composite materials include plywood, veneer lumber, particle board, oriented strand board, large particle board, gypsum particle board, cement particle board, hard fiber board, medium density Fiberboard, high-density fiberboard, blockboard, rubber composites, etc. Some wood or wood composite parts are also treated with one-sided or double-sided veneers.
Second, the cutting direction
         In solid wood cutting, the wood cutting is divided into longitudinal, transverse, end and longitudinal, longitudinal and transverse directions according to the direction of the blade relative to the wood fiber.
Third, the tool rotation direction and feed direction
         The tilting direction of the cutting edge on the tool is determined according to the direction of rotation of the machine tool shaft and the direction in which the wood workpiece is fed.
Fourth, the stability of the tool and the workpiece
         The stability of the tool and the workpiece during the cutting process includes several aspects. The stability of the workpiece means that the wood workpiece is smoothly fed during the cutting process without jumping. Measures taken to enhance the stability of the workpiece mainly reduce the center of gravity of the workpiece and increase the contact area.
Fifth, processing surface quality requirements
Wood workpiece surface quality includes surface roughness, geometry and shape position accuracy.
Milling cutter selection
First, determine the main technical parameters of the milling cutter:
        Main parameters of woodworking cutter: tool outer diameter, machining thickness, central aperture
Other technical parameters: number of teeth, direction of rotation, speed of rotation, feed rate, clamping method, tooth material.
Second, choose the structure of the milling cutter
         According to the nature and requirements of the cutting object, the overall milling cutter, the welding integral milling cutter, the assembly milling cutter and the combined milling cutter are selected from the technical and economic aspects.
Third, the choice of milling cutter rotation direction
         The direction of rotation of the milling cutter is determined according to the direction of rotation of the machining spindle and the relative position of the cutter shaft and the feed workpiece. Whether it is an integral milling cutter or an assembly milling cutter, the inclination of the cutting edge relative to the radius of the milling cutter determines the rotation of the milling cutter. direction.
Fourth, the choice of cutting tool cutting
         The cutting amount of the milling cutter includes the cutting speed of the milling cutter, the feed rate of the workpiece and the milling depth. The cutting speed of the milling cutter depends on the milling cutter speed and the radius of the milling cutter. The feed rate of the workpiece depends on the quality of the machined surface. The surface roughness of the workpiece to be cut depends largely on the feed per tooth of the milling cutter during the cutting process. The feed per tooth is too large, the machining surface is too rough, the feed per tooth is too small, and the machined surface will burn. The coke phenomenon, therefore, the feed per tooth of the milling cutter needs to be appropriate.
Fifth, the stability of milling cutter operation
         The stability of the milling cutter is the basis for the machining accuracy and the quality of the machined surface. This includes two aspects: First, the milling cutter is vibrated by external force during cutting; second, the milling cutter is deformed by external force.
Sixth, the safety of milling cutter processing
         The safety of milling machining includes milling speed limit, chip thickness limitation, profile cutter height limit and assembly cutter blade thickness and extension limit.
         Wood cutting is characterized by high-speed cutting. The turning speed of the milling cutter is more than 3000 rpm. High-speed cutting provides high productivity and smooth surface quality for wood cutting. At the same time, it also brings a series of safety problems. Therefore, when the spindle speed of the milling machine reaches 9000 rpm, the assembly milling cutter should be prohibited except for the shank milling cutter with a tool smaller than 16 mm. Conduct a rigorous inspection of the flaw.
Chip thickness limitation is a necessary measure to ensure that the milling cutter feeds too much and causes a serious overload of the milling cutter.
         For the forming cutter, the contour contour height value is closely related to the milling cutter clamping method, the cutting workpiece thickness, and the diameter of the milling cutter. After the thickness of the machined workpiece, the diameter of the milling cutter and the central aperture are determined, the height of the cutter profile reflects the strength and stiffness of the milling cutter itself and the ability to withstand the cutting resistance. Therefore, there is a need to limit the height of the profile to ensure the safety of the cutter.